Thoracentesis is a medical procedure that involves removing fluid or air from the pleural space, which is the area between the lungs and chest wall. It’s also known as a pleural tap, needle thoracostomy, or needle decompression.
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Removing excess fluid
When too much fluid builds up in the pleural space, it’s called a pleural effusion. This can make it difficult to breathe and reduce lung function. Thoracentesis can remove the excess fluid and relieve pressure.
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Diagnosing health problems
The fluid sample collected during a thoracentesis can be tested in a lab to help determine the cause of the pleural effusion. This can help diagnose conditions such as congestive heart failure, viral infections, and some types of cancer.
Thoracentesis is a common, low-risk procedure. During the procedure, you’ll feel a slight pinch when the nurse inserts the IV line and injects the local anesthetic. You might also feel pressure when the catheter is inserted, or a pulling sensation when the fluid is removed. You should remain still and avoid coughing or breathing deeply during the procedure.